History, Language & Culture Masyad, Syrie

Iran is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. Beginning with the establishment of the kingdoms before the Elamites and the Elamites in 3200–2800 BC, the Iranian Medes gathered the first empire in 625 years. Meads has become a national, cultural and political dominance in the region. Iran reached its peak during the Achemenid Empire, which Cyrus the Great founded in 550 BC, when it spreads to its greatest extent, occupied a significant part of the ancient world. Making it the largest empire in the world at that time The empire collapsed in 330 BC after the conquest of Alexander the Great. The Parthian Empire was born from the ashes, followed by the Sassanid dynasty in 224 AD, when Iran once again became the world's leading nation. Together with the Roman-Byzantine Empire For more than four centuries

 

633 AD Rashidun Muslims invaded Iran and conquered Iran in 651, replacing most of the indigenous beliefs, Maniki religion and Zoroastrianism. Establishment of the Safavid dynasty in 1501, which promoted the sect of Isna Achariya (Twelver) as the state religion. It marks one of the most important turning points in Iranian and Muslim history, beginning in 1736 under the Shahnader. Iran has the most extensive territory since the Sassanid Empire. It was the most controversial empire in the world at that time. During the 19th century, Iran lost parts of the Caucasus, which had been made part of the Iranian concept for centuries to neighboring Russian empires. People's unrest ended in the 1906 Persian Constitutional Revolution, following the 1953 coup against the United Kingdom and the United States, and Iran gradually formed a close alliance with the United States and the rest of the West. Also secular But with the rise of egoism, the growing controversy over foreign influence and political oppression ended in the 1979 Revolution that led to the establishment of the Islamic Republic on April 1, 1979.

 

Today, the majority of the population of Iran uses Persian as their official language. As for other dialects, Azerbaijani is the most widely used language.

 

Iranian culture is a mixed culture. During the pre-Islamic era and the Islamic era together Iranian culture is a dominant culture in the Middle East and Central Asia. And has been in prosperity for more than two thousand years Especially in the Sassaniya era It is an important era in Iran where Chinese, Roman and Indian cultures were combined. And influences Western Europe and Africa. This influence played a prominent role in medieval art in both Asia and Africa. This influence was carried over to Islamic culture. It became an Islamic learning that resulted in a boom in linguistics, literature, law, philosophy, medicine, architecture and science. Some of which were born in the Sassaniya era and spread to the Muslim world outside.

 

Islamic culture has penetrated widely into Iranian culture. The most obvious is the remembrance of Imam Husain on the day of Ashura. Which has gathered Iranian Muslims Armenian Christians And the Zoroastrian people engaged in mourning for the martyrs in the battle of Karbalah. And the way of life of the Iranians in modern times still relies on Shia Islam, and things remind Iranians of their rich traditions and culture.